THE U.S. AND THE MIDDLE EAST

Select Research Resources

 

Below are listed collections of original, declassified documents relating to U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East.  When searching for a topic, you should peruse this list to find document collections on issues that interest you.  You will likely find the most comprehensive sources to be the Foreign Relations of the United States volumes or the National Security Archive electronic briefing books listed near the bottom of this page.

 

 

I.  FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT WEBSITES:

 

You can search for declassified documents using the FOIA pages of key government agencies, such as:

 

CIA FOIA: http://www.foia.cia.gov/

State Department FOIA: http://www.foia.state.gov

FBI FOIA: http://foia.fbi.gov/

 

The upside of these web pages is that you can acquire newly released declassified documents.  The downside is that the documents are episodic and random: the websites only provide documents that individuals have asked to be declassified.

 

 

II.  PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES:

 

Every U.S. president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has his own presidential library which houses the documents created during his administration by the executive branch.  (Called Roosevelt Library, Truman Library, Eisenhower Library, etc.) Each is in a different city, and each maintains its own website.  Most post selections of documents on the Internet.  You should check the presidential library pertaining to your topic.

 

The upside of the libraries is that you can acquire declassified documents pertaining to some of the most important issues that faced a particular president.  The downside is that the websites only provide documents that the individual library chose to display, typically a small number.

 

 

III.  PUBLISHED U.S. GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS:

 

The FAU Library has a large body of published government documents, including reports from Congress, and the Foreign Relations of the United States series, etc.  Most are listed in the FAU Library catalog.  For help researching in those documents, consult the government documents reference librarian during normal business hours.  Also note that most other university libraries in the area have extensive government document collections, some of which may be more comprehensive than FAU’s. 

 

The upside here is that you can easily browse the holdings by walking through the library; you can also get documents from other branches of government (such as Congress).  The downside is that our library tends to be weak on issues prior to when the university was founded.

 

 

IV.  DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS REFERENCE SYSTEM

and DIGITAL NATIONAL SECURITY ARCHIVE:

 

These are two extremely useful collections of U.S. declassified documents.  All are digitized and keyword searchable.  You can download or print documents from computers.  Unfortunately, FAU library does not subscribe to either database. But FIU does!  So you can access it at the FIU library on campus.  A daytrip to Miami would produce many useful results.

 

The upside is search ability: If you are looking to search for particular declassified documents, then these databases may be the best way to go. The downside, of course, is that you have to drive to Miami.

 

 

V.  FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES SERIES:

 

The Department of State publishes collections of declassified documents pertaining to U.S. foreign policy, also known as “FRUS.”  Be sure to check the table of contents from each volume for details regarding issues that are covered in the collections.  Sometimes it is very useful to check the editorial notes and the editor’s introductions to find out more about the topics that are covered.

 

The upside of these document collections is that they are very comprehensive on the most important issues that the US faced. The downside is that they can be overwhelming because there are so many documents on a given issue.

 

Most are available in book form in the Government Documents section of the FAU library. Many are also available online from one of two sources:

 

Recently published volumes are here:

http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusonline.html

 

Older volumes are here:

http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/

 

Below are links to digitized versions of the key FRUS volumes pertaining to U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East from 1945 to 1968.

 

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States : diplomatic papers, 1945. The Near East and Africa: Volume VIII (1945)

 

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. The Near East and Africa: Volume VII (1946)

 

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1947. The Near East and Africa: Volume V (1947)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1948. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa (in two parts): Volume V, Part 1 (1948)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1948. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa (in two parts): Volume V, Part 2 (1948)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa: Volume VI (1949)

 

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1950. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa: Volume V (1950)

 

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1951. The Near East and Africa: Volume V (1951)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1952-1954. The Near and Middle East (in two parts): Volume IX, Part 1 (1952-1954)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1952-1954. The Near and Middle East (in two parts): Volume IX, Part 2 (1952-1954)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1952-1954. Iran, 1952-1954: Volume X (1952-1954)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Near East; Iran; Iraq: Volume XII (1955-1957)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Near East: Jordan-Yemen: Volume XIII (1955-1957)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Arab-Israeli dispute, 1955: Volume XIV (1955-1957)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Arab-Israeli dispute, January 1-July 26, 1956: Volume XV (1955-1957)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Suez Crisis, July 26-December 31, 1956: Volume XVI (1955-1957)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Arab-Israeli dispute, 1957: Volume XVII (1955-1957)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1958-1960. Lebanon and Jordan: Volume XI (1958-1960)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1958-1960. Near East region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula: Volume XII (1958-1960)

United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1958-1960. Arab-Israeli dispute; United Arab Republic; North Africa: Volume XIII (1958-1960)

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

1964-1968, Volume XVIII; Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1964-67

 

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

1964-1968, Volume XXI; Near East Region; Arabian Peninsula

 

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

1964-1968, Volume XXII; Iran

 

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

1964-1968, Volume XXXIV; Energy, Diplomacy, and Global Issues

 [relevant sections include “water for peace,” “energy,” “1967 oil embargo,” and “hijacking.”]

 

 

VI. NATIONAL SECURITY ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS ONLINE:

 

The National Security Archive is a non-profit organization that works to get the government to declassify documents for public benefit.  It has published numerous collections of once-classified documents on a wide-range of issues, including several that relate to the Middle East.  It has different collections; some are published in book form; others on microfiche (which you can get through ILL); still others are published online.  Be sure to see the paragraph above about the “Digital National Security Archive,” which you can access at FIU. 

 

The upside of these document collections is that they are often of a manageable size and they often have editorial introductions which guide you through the collection.  The downside is that the archive’s holdings are not especially strong for topics regarding the Middle East prior to 1980. In addition, the archive publishes only a small fraction of its documents on the web, so your sources are not always very comprehensive.

 

For more information on the National Security Archive, see http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/. 

For a list of Archive publications, see: http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/sets.html

Note that these collections are not always comprehensive, and you may need to search for additional sources.

Below are listed key document collections available online relating to the Middle East:

The Record on CURVEBALL
Declassified Documents and Key Participants Show the Importance of Phony Intelligence in the Origins of the Iraq War

Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"?
Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists

Iraq: The Media War Plan
Declassified White Paper and PowerPoint Slides on Pentagon's "Rapid Reaction Media Team" for Iraq

TOP SECRET POLO STEP
Iraq War Plan Assumed Only 5,000 U.S. Troops Still There by December 2006

Post-Saddam Iraq: The War Game
"Desert Crossing" 1999 Assumed 400,000 Troops and Still a Mess

New State Department Releases on the "Future of Iraq" Project
New Documents Provide Details on Budgets, Interagency Coordination and Working Group Progress

U.S. Intelligence and the Indian Bomb
Documents Show U.S. Intelligence Failed to Warn of India's Nuclear Tests Despite Tracking Nuclear Weapons Potential Since 1950s

Saddam's Iron Grip
Intelligence Reports on Saddam Hussein's Reign

State Department experts warned CENTCOM before Iraq war about lack of plans for post-war Iraq security
Planning for post-Saddam regime change began as early as October 2001

CIA Whites Out Controversial Estimate on Iraq Weapons
Main Subject of Today's Senate Intelligence Report Remains Largely Secret

Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran
New Volume Reexamines a Seminal Event in Modern Middle Eastern History

The Saddam Hussein Sourcebook
Declassified secrets from the U.S.-Iraq relationship

The October War and U.S. Policy
Kissinger gave green light for Israeli offensive violating 1973 cease-fire

Eyes on Saddam
U.S. overhead imagery of Iraq

Shaking Hands with Saddam Hussein
The U.S. tilts toward Iraq, 1980-1984

Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The Tilt: The U.S. and the South Asian Crisis of 1971

U.S. Propaganda in the Middle East
The early Cold War version

Operation Desert Storm: Ten Years After
Documents shed light on role of intelligence, stealth technology and space systems in the Gulf War

The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup, 1953

20 Years after the Hostages
Declassified documents on Iran and the United States

Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"?
Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists

"A Comprehensive Strategy to Fight Al-Qaeda"?
Rice versus Clinton on January 2001 Clarke Memo

Government Releases Detailed Information on 9/11 Crashes
Complete Air-Ground Transcripts of Hijacked 9/11 Flight Recordings Declassified

FAA Believed Second 9/11 Plane Heading Towards NY for Emergency Landing
Released 9/11 Hijacking Reports Further Detail Confused U.S. Response

9/11 Commission Staff Report on FAA Failings Published on Web
Document Updates Previous Archive Posting on Censorship of Aviation Warnings Leading up to 9/11

Bush Administration's First Memo on al-Qaeda Declassified
Document Central to Clarke-Rice Dispute on Bush Terrorism Policy Pre-9/11

Volume I - Terrorism and U.S. Policy

Volume II - Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War

Volume III - BIOWAR
The Nixon administration's decision to end U.S. biological warfare programs

Volume IV - The Once and Future King?
From the secret files on King Zahir's reign in Afghanistan, 1970-1973

Volume V - Anthrax at Sverdlovsk, 1979
U.S. intelligence on the deadliest modern outbreak

Volume VI - The Hunt for Bin Laden
Background on the role of Special Forces in U.S. military strategy

Volume VII - The Taliban File

Taliban File Update: U.S. Pressed Taliban to Expel Usama bin Laden Over 30 Times
Only three approaches in first year of Bush administration

The Taliban File Part III
Pakistan Provided Millions of Dollars, Arms, and "Buses Full of Adolescent Mujahid" to the Taliban in the 1990's

The Taliban File Part IV
Mullah Omar Called Washington in 1998, New Documents Show

Update: The Taliban File Part IV
Pre-9/11 U.S. Attempts to Drive Bin Laden Out of Afghanistan Repeatedly Unsuccessful, Documents Show